DIGITAL STEWARDSHIP IN MINING POLICY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF GREEN TECH IMPLEMENTATION PENGELOLAAN DIGITAL DALAM KEBIJAKAN PERTAMBANGAN: KAJIAN SISTEMATIS IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI HIJAU

Abstract

The accelerating degradation of mining-affected ecosystems demands a reconceptualization of regulatory architecture. This systematic literature review (SLR), conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 protocol, examines the global trajectory of digital stewardship as an emergent governance paradigm in the extractive industries sector (2021—2026). Grounded in Elinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework, this study analyzes how artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and digital monitoring systems are reshaping the rules-in-use within mining governance action arenas. Drawing on peer-reviewed articles, sustainability reports, and regulatory documents from four major mining jurisdictions, comparative policy analysis reveals a significant governance gap between Indonesia's Mineral and Coal Mining Law (Minerba Law No. 3/2020) and digital governance benchmarks established in Australia, Canada, and Norway. While these jurisdictions have institutionalized digital stewardship through dedicated policy roadmaps, regulatory sandboxing, and mandatory ESG disclosure standards, Indonesia's framework remains anchored in conventional, periodically-inspected compliance paradigms. This study proposes a five-point Policy Roadmap for Indonesian green mining and argues that digital stewardship constitutes a contemporary form of planetary guardianship—a technological expression of ecotheological responsibility toward shared Earth resources consistent with the conference theme of transdisciplinary sustainability. 

Keywords: Digital Stewardship; Mining Policy; Green Technology; IAD Framework; Ecotheology; Sustainable Governance; PRISMA.