TANGGUNG JAWAB LINGKUNGAN & SOSIAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN PARIWISATA PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH: STUDI TERHADAP PARIWISATA BERBASIS ALAM DAN KONFLIK MANUSIA–MONYET EKOR PANJANG (MACACA FASCICULARIS) DI KALURAHAN GIRITIRTO, KAPANEWON PURWOSARI, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

Abstract

This study examines environmental and social responsibility in nature-based tourism management through the perspective of maqashid sharia, focusing on the conflict between humans and long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Kalurahan Giritirto, Gunungkidul Regency. The development of tourism in the Gunungsewu karst area has contributed to local economic growth but has also increased ecological pressure and intensified human-wildlife conflicts due to habitat disruption. This research aims to analyze how the human–macaque conflict reflects weak Environmental and Social Responsibility (ESR) practices in tourism governance and to evaluate such conditions through the concept of hifz al-bi'ah in maqashid sharia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive socio-legal approach with secondary data collected from policy documents, conservation reports, academic publications, and related literature. The findings show that tourism management in Giritirto has not adequately integrated ecological sustainability and social protection. From the maqashid sharia perspective, such conditions contradict the principles of hifz al-bi'ah, la dharara wa la dhirara, and khalifah fil ardh. Therefore, tourism governance should prioritize ecological justice, habitat protection, community participation, and sustainable environmental management. 

Keywords: Environmental and Social Responsibility; maqashid sharia; nature-based 
tourism; human–wildlife conflict.